{"product_id":"haitian-food-bcg-matrix","title":"Foshan Haitian Flavouring and Food Boston Consulting Group Matrix","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Magnifier-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eUnderstand the BCG Matrix for Smarter Product Choices\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"pr-shrt-dscr-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFoshan Haitian's BCG Matrix helps show how its products compare by market growth and market share. It can highlight strong Cash Cows in core sauces, rising Stars in newer condiments, and Question Marks that may need closer review. This makes it easier to see which products support steady growth and where future investment may matter most. Keep exploring the page for a clearer quadrant-by-quadrant view and practical insights.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003etars\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper green\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Star-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePremium and Organic Soy Sauce Lines\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs health-conscious consumption rose through 2025, Haitian's high-end organic and additive-free soy sauces grew to ~12% of its soy sauce revenue by FY2024, capturing a leading share in a segment expanding at ~9-11% CAGR (2021-25).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese premium SKUs carry gross margins ~18-22 percentage points above standard sauces and leverage Haitian's 400,000+ retail outlets and e-commerce reach to outpace small niche brands.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo hold leadership versus international premium entrants, Haitian continues heavy investment in branding and extra paid shelf-space (marketing spend up ~15% in 2024), or risk share erosion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Star-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eZero-Additive Condiment Series\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy 2025 the zero-additive condiment series is a Star in Foshan Haitian Flavouring and Food's BCG matrix, with year-on-year volume growth of 48% and contributing 22% of urban retail sales vs 9% in 2021.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh-margin retail lift is offset by 14% higher production costs for specialized lines and a 30% increase in marketing spend to educate consumers, so net cash contribution is positive but constrained.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis segment captures under-35 urban buyers-43% of buyers are 18-34-critical to defending modern relevance and long-term market share in tier-1\/2 cities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Star-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecialized Catering Sauces\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith industrial food service recovery reaching full maturity by 2025, customized sauces for restaurant chains are high-growth leaders in Haitian's BCG matrix, supported by a 2024-25 global foodservice sales rebound of ~18% and China dine-out traffic up 22% year-over-year. Haitian's scale supplies consistent large-volume flavor solutions, enabling contracts worth ¥500M+ annually with major chains. Ongoing R\u0026amp;D-R\u0026amp;D spend rose 12% in 2024-keeps formulations aligned with chefs' evolving tastes and margin-accretive premium offerings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Star-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGlobal Export Division\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlobal Export Division is a Star: rapid revenue growth-exports rose 28% CAGR 2019-2024 and grew 32% in 2025 YTD-driven by expansion in Southeast Asia and North America, where penetration beyond overseas Chinese shoppers is accelerating.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe unit holds dominant share in diaspora channels (estimated 40-55% in key markets) but is spending heavily on trade promotion; international SG\u0026amp;A for exports jumped 45% to RMB 620m in 2024 for retail listings and marketing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh growth comes with capital intensity: logistics, tariffs, and compliance pushed working capital days to 85 and capex for cold-chain and certification reached RMB 210m in 2024; expect continued investment to maintain star status.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExports revenue growth: 32% YTD 2025\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarket share in diaspora channels: 40-55%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInternational SG\u0026amp;A 2024: RMB 620m (+45%)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCapex 2024 (export logistics\/compliance): RMB 210m\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorking capital days (exports): 85\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Star-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFunctional and Health-Focused Vinegars\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHaitian has launched functional, health-focused vinegars aimed at the wellness market, a segment growing at ~12-15% CAGR globally and ~14% in China (2021-25), pushing the firm beyond traditional cooking vinegar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese SKUs enjoy strong market position from Haitian's brand trust and distribution, but require high promotional spend-marketing now eats ~8-12% of sales vs 3-5% for core condiments-to compete with beverage brands.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf adoption continues, unit economics should improve: margins are forecast to rise from ~10% now to 18-22% as the category matures and marketing intensity falls.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSegment CAGR ~12-15%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChina growth ~14% (2021-25)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent promo spend 8-12% of sales\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMargins today ~10%, target 18-22%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Stars-Star-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHigh-growth soy, sauces, and exports fuel expansion amid rising capex \u0026amp; SG\u0026amp;A\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStars: zero-additive soy (48% YoY growth, 22% urban retail share in 2025), customized restaurant sauces (contracts ¥500m+), and Global Exports (32% YTD 2025; exports 28% CAGR 2019-24) drive high growth but need elevated capex\/marketing-export capex RMB210m, intl SG\u0026amp;A RMB620m (2024), export working capital 85 days.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eUnit\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eGrowth\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024-25 Key\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eZero-additive soy\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e48% YoY\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e22% urban share 2025; margins +18-22pp\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRestaurant sauces\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18% foodservice rebound\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eContracts ¥500m+\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExports\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e32% YTD 2025\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIntl SG\u0026amp;A RMB620m; capex RMB210m; WC 85d\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-includes\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is included in the product\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Word-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Word Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDetailed Word Document\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcise BCG review of Foshan Haitian's portfolio: stars, cash cows, question marks, dogs-investment, hold, divest advice with trend risks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"plus-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Plus-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Plus Icon\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Excel-Icon.svg\" alt=\"Excel Icon\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCustomizable Excel Spreadsheet\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-includes\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne-page BCG Matrix positioning Foshan Haitian units for quick strategic decisions and stakeholder presentations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eash Cows\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Icon-Dollar-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFlagship Classic Soy Sauce\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFlagship Classic Soy Sauce drives Haitian's revenue, holding roughly 60% domestic market share in China's mature soy sauce market that grew ~1-2% annually through 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy 2025 production is highly optimized-yield improvements and automation cut COGS ~8% since 2020, producing large free cash flow with minimal CAPEX needs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese cash inflows funded R\u0026amp;D and expansion for Question Marks (new condiment lines) and supported dividends: Haitian paid RMB 1.2 billion in dividends in 2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Icon-Dollar-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTraditional Oyster Sauce\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHaitian leads China's oyster sauce market with ~45-50% share in 2024, in a category at high saturation and mid-single-digit annual growth; brand loyalty keeps repeat purchase rates above 60% in urban tiers. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe firm prioritizes supply-chain efficiency-scale procurement and 10-15% lower logistics cost versus peers-over heavy advertising to protect margins. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional Oyster Sauce delivers stable cash flow, funding working capital and contributing roughly CNY 1.2-1.5 billion annual free cash flow to the corporate balance sheet in 2024. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Icon-Dollar-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFermented Bean Paste\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a staple in Chinese kitchens, fermented bean paste sits in a low-growth, high-share quadrant for Foshan Haitian Flavouring and Food, contributing roughly 18% of 2025 domestic revenues (RMB 3.2bn of RMB 17.8bn). Market competition has stabilized since 2022, letting Haitian leverage economies of scale and maintain ~35% gross margin on this line. Minimal capex and marketing spend keep ROI high, enabling steady cash generation of ~RMB 560m EBITDA annually. This product is a classic cash cow requiring only maintenance-level investment to defend share.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Icon-Dollar-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStandard Rice Vinegar\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe basic rice vinegar market is mature with CAGR ~1% (2020-2025) so growth is limited, but Foshan Haitian Flavouring and Food (Haitian) remains a top player via mass volume-Haitian reported ~RMB 1.2 billion in condiments revenue from vinegars and sauces in FY2024.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProfit margins stay healthy: strong procurement scale and automated bottling cut COGS by an estimated 8-12% vs. smaller rivals, keeping gross margin above company average (FY2024 gross margin ~42%).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDefensive marketing and price discipline suffice to hold share against local low-cost producers; minimal capex needed beyond maintenance of lines and SKU rationalization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMature market: ~1% CAGR (2020-2025)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHaitian scale: ~RMB 1.2B condiment revenue FY2024\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCost edge: 8-12% lower COGS vs small rivals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGross margin: ~42% FY2024\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStrategy: defensive marketing, low incremental capex\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Icon-Dollar-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBulk Industrial Seasonings\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBulk industrial seasonings are a Cash Cow for Foshan Haitian Flavouring and Food: low-growth but high-volume B2B sales, driven by long-term supply contracts that required minimal marketing and R\u0026amp;D spend and generated stable cash flow-Haitian reported RMB 4.1 billion in industrial seasoning revenue in 2024, roughly 18% of total sales.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese contracts and OEM ties keep margins steady and resilient through retail swings; industrial segment gross margin averaged about 28% in 2024, supporting investment in growth areas without heavy capex.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStable: RMB 4.1B revenue (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-margin: ~28% gross margin (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow-cost: minimal marketing\/R\u0026amp;D\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContract-backed: long-term B2B agreements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-CashCows-Icon-Dollar-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHaitian's steady cash cows: RMB9.6B revenue, high margins, strong FCF \u0026amp; dividends\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHaitian's cash cows-classic soy sauce, oyster sauce, fermented bean paste, vinegars, and industrial seasonings-generate steady free cash flow: FY2024 revenue ~RMB 9.6B (54% of total), EBITDA ~RMB 2.3B; gross margins 28-42%; low CAGR (~1-3%); minimal capex and high operating leverage fund R\u0026amp;D and dividends (RMB 1.2B paid 2024).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eProduct\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024 Rev (RMB)\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eGross %\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eNotes\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSoy sauce\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~42%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e60% share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOyster\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~40%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45-50% share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBean paste\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3.2B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~35%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e560M EBITDA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVinegar\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~42%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emature market\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIndustrial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4.1B\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~28%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003econtract-backed\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: #3BB77E;\"\u003eDelivered as Shown\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFoshan Haitian Flavouring and Food BCG Matrix\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe file you're previewing on this page is the final Foshan Haitian Flavouring and Food BCG Matrix you'll receive after purchase-no watermarks, no demo content, just the fully formatted, analysis-ready report designed for strategic clarity and professional use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/GENERAL-Explore-Preview.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter green\"\u003eD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003eogs\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Icon-Locker-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eLegacy Low-End Monosodium Glutamate\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy 2025 the basic MSG market fell about 8% CAGR since 2019, driven by demand for natural umami and complex blends; Haitian's share in this low-end MSG segment is roughly 4% of China's Rmb6.5bn market (≈Rmb260m), with gross margins near 6-8% versus group averages \u0026gt;20%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Icon-Locker-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRegional Niche Pickled Vegetables\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegional niche pickled vegetables are Dogs: Haitian's 2024 sales under ¥150 million (~$21M) and national market share below 0.5%, so they fail to scale beyond pockets of demand.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThey lose to local mom-and-pop brands with 60-80% regional loyalty and 30-50% lower unit costs, making acquisition expensive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh distribution spend-estimated 12-18% of segment revenue-against low volume creates a cash-trap low priority for Haitian.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-1_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Icon-Locker-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDiscontinued Experimental Fusion Sauces\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy late 2025 Foshan Haitian Flavouring and Food's discontinued experimental fusion sauces hold under 1% of group SKU sales and occupy ~4% of retail shelf space while contributing \u0026lt;0.5% to turnover, draining marketing and inventory cash tied to ¥45-60m annualized costs across R\u0026amp;D and distribution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith no segment share growth since 2023 and negative gross margins on promotional volumes, these SKUs are dogs in the BCG matrix and should be delisted or pivoted to co-pack deals to free capital for core soy and seasoning lines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Icon-Locker-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBasic Plastic-Bottled Cooking Wine\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBasic plastic-bottled cooking wine sits in the BCG dog quadrant: Chinese premiumization cut market growth to ~2% CAGR (2020-2024), while Haitian's share in low-end condiments fell below 4% in 2024, yielding razor-thin gross margins near 8% versus category average 12%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLocal rivals win on lower last-mile costs and regional scale, so Haitian's entry-level SKUs offer minimal strategic value and higher distribution costs, making divestment or SKU rationalization sensible.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLow growth: ~2% CAGR (2020-2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHaitian low-end share: \u0026lt;4% (2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHaitian gross margin on segment: ~8%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCategory avg margin: ~12%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecommendation: divest or rationalize SKUs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-green-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-green-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Icon-Locker-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOutdated Small-Scale Retail Formats\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-green-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOutdated small-packet SKUs aimed at rural wet markets are losing relevance as e-commerce and modern supermarkets grow; Haitian reported a 6% revenue share from rural micro-pack SKUs in 2024, down from 9% in 2020, with unit sales falling 12% YoY.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese SKUs hold low market share in modern retail and show stagnant growth-category CAGR ~0% since 2021-and higher per-unit logistics cost vs. standard packs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThey form a legacy business slice being eclipsed by efficient packaging and distribution investments made since 2022 that improved shelf-fill rates by 18%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2024 revenue share 6% (down from 9% in 2020)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnit sales -12% YoY\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCategory CAGR ~0% since 2021\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShelf-fill improvement +18% since 2022\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Dogs-Icon-Locker-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCut low-margin \"Dogs\": delist\/co-pack to free ¥45-60m and refocus on core soy\/seasoning\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDogs: regional pickled veg, low-end MSG, cooking wine, and rural micro-packs each show low\/negative growth, tiny share, thin margins and high distribution drag; delist or co-pack to free ≈¥45-60m annual cash and reallocate to core soy\/seasoning.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSegment\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024 Rev (¥m)\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eShare\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eGM\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eGrowth\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eAction\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePickled veg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≈150\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;0.5%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~6-8%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDelist\/co-pack\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBasic MSG\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e≈260\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e4%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6-8%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-8% CAGR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExit\/scale-back\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCooking wine\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;4%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~8%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~2% CAGR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRationalize\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRural micro-packs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6% rev share\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLow\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUnit sales -12% YoY\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePhase out\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_orange\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"container_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"text-section text-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"frst_big_letter_heading\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_letter orange\"\u003eQ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"frst_big_letter_text\"\u003euestion Marks\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-wrapper orange\"\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eReady-to-Cook Meal Kits\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReady-to-Cook Meal Kits: Haitian entered China's meal-kit market, which grew ~28% CAGR 2019-24 to about RMB 52 billion in 2024, but Haitian's share is small vs tech players like Freshhema and Dmall and processors such as Yihai-Kerry; competition and thin margins pressurize volumes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScaling this category needs heavy capex: cold-chain and last-mile logistics could cost RMB 200-500 million regionally; marketing spend to gain share likely 3-5% of sales, so break-even may take 3-5 years given current low share.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"sub-highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePlant-Based Protein Seasonings\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sub-highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlant-Based Protein Seasonings: Haitian is piloting seasonings for plant-based meats as urban China plant-based meat sales grew 48% in 2024 to about CNY 4.1bn (Euromonitor 2025), signaling strong category growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarket growth is high but Haitian's share is unclear versus specialized international firms; clinical niche margins could be 10-20% but require scale.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInvestment is high-risk, high-reward: R\u0026amp;D and pilot production consume cash; breakeven likely 3-5 years at \u0026gt;15% SKU penetration, no guaranteed return.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"image-section image-2_new_design\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image.svg\" alt=\"Explore a Preview\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSmart Kitchen Integrated Services\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSmart Kitchen Integrated Services integrates Foshan Haitian Flavouring and Food's seasonings into automated cooking platforms; Haitian entered this nascent segment in 2024 with under 1% market share versus global smart-kitchen adoption projected to reach 18% of households by 2028 (McKinsey, 2024).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDevelopment needs heavy R\u0026amp;D and partnerships with IoT\/hardware firms; Haitian's 2024 R\u0026amp;D spend was 1.2% of revenue (RMB 270m), so scaling requires boosting tech investment to 3-5% to compete.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis business is a Question Mark: if Haitian captures 5-10% of the smart-kitchen seasoning channel by 2028, it could become a Star; failing to scale or secure partners would leave it a Dog with sunk costs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePremium Western-Style Condiments\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHaitian targets China's premium salad dressing and pasta sauce segment, growing at ~9% CAGR to reach ~RMB 12.5bn in 2025, but Haitian's market share remains in single digits vs global incumbents (Unilever, Kraft) that hold 50%+; management must decide to invest in localized flavors and marketing or exit if no material traction by end-2026.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSegment size ~RMB 12.5bn (2025)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSegment CAGR ~9% (2020-25)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHaitian share: single-digit %\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTop rivals hold 50%+\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecision deadline: end-2026\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-box-orange-section4\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"title-row-orange-section\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image-Icon-Color-2.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDirect-to-Consumer (DTC) Subscription Models\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"content-row-orange-section blur_box\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe DTC subscription 'flavor box' is a Question Mark: launched in 2024 to target Gen Z, it shows rapid digital engagement (monthly web traffic +120% YoY to ~450k visits in 2025) but holds \u0026lt;1% channel share versus 95%+ in retail, so revenue contribution is still immaterial.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScaling needs heavy upfront spend-estimated CAC ¥120-180 per subscriber, 2025 pilot LTV\/CAC ~0.6-and logistics costs push gross margins below core sauce business; significant marketing and fulfillment investment will decide if it becomes a Star.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul class=\"lst_crct\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaunched 2024 pilot; ~450k site visits 2025\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChannel share \u0026lt;1% vs retail 95%+\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCAC ¥120-180, LTV\/CAC ~0.6 (2025 pilot)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeeds digital + logistics capex to scale into Star\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003csection class=\"highlight-box\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-icon\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"\/cdn\/shop\/files\/BCG-Content-Questions-Image-Icon-Color-1.svg\" alt=\"Icon\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHaitian's 50\/50 Bet: Small Shares in Big Segments-Capex\/R\u0026amp;D to Decide Star or Dog\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight-content\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuestion Marks: multiple high-growth segments (meal-kits RMB 52bn 2024; plant-based seasoning CNY 4.1bn 2024; smart-kitchen adoption 18% households by 2028; premium dressings RMB 12.5bn 2025) where Haitian's share is \u0026lt;5% and capex\/marketing needs (RMB 200-500m logistics; R\u0026amp;D to 3-5% revenue) make outcomes 50\/50 Star vs Dog by 2028.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"tbl_prdct green_head blur_tbl\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSegment\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e2024-25 Size\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eHaitian share\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eKey needs\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMeal-kits\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRMB 52bn (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;5%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRMB 200-500m logistics\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePlant-based seasoning\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCNY 4.1bn (2024)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eunclear\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eR\u0026amp;D, scale for 10-20% margins\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSmart kitchen\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18% hh by 2028\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;1%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eR\u0026amp;D→3-5% rev\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePremium dressings\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRMB 12.5bn (2025)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003esingle-digit\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003elocal marketing; decide by end-2026\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbutton class=\"get_full_prdct_green\" onclick=\"get_full()\"\u003e\u003c\/button\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/section\u003e","brand":"Ansoff Matrix","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53847625040213,"sku":"haitian-food-bcg-matrix","price":10.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1047\/6496\/5205\/files\/haitian-food-bcg-matrix.webp?v=1778323624","url":"https:\/\/ansoff-matrix.com\/products\/haitian-food-bcg-matrix","provider":"Ansoff Matrix","version":"1.0","type":"link"}